1.1 Background of the study

In the world day, researchers and developers have come up with a wide range of surveillance systems that are deployed at homes, in industries and remote areas at the same time control the tasks through affordable, intelligent and easy-to-implement hardware and software systems. Some have so far been realized while others still remain a work in progress. 

Criminal activities are becoming a very dexterous act nowadays due to intelligent and novel methods criminals’ maneuvers to succeed in their activities in residential apartments. One of the most important things a person desires is the safety of the family and home.  From global perspectives, the rising trend of criminal activities is becoming very alarming and has created much public outcry to government for urgent mitigation measures. This uproar has been characterized of diverse chaos ranging from human abduction, robbery attack, political bedlam, terrorism, herdsmen invasion and etcetera. 

A security system is a combination of hardware and software that protect life and properties in both residential and commercial buildings from intrusion. The history of security system is interesting because the desire for this protection and security dates back thousands of years ago. (Vintech, 2011) stated that the idea of security systems came about after it was perceived that value of life and property could be lost suddenly either through fire, robbery, force etc., without a prior warning/information. Over decades, security systems have changed from simple control panels and locks into high-technological gadgets.  

Throughout history, human have sought to protect their life, property and professions, with the busy lifestyle of people there is the need for automatic devices that can be triggered to perform an action when the intrusion detection system notices motion, some of today’s system are capable of displaying the actual direction and location of the intruder the direction and location of the intruder, as this has become vital because of the frequent and rampant cases of burglary, such as attack on homes offices, factories, banks etc. 

For instance, home security systems have to evolve because of the overwhelming habitual and novel approaches the mobsters deploy to penetrate homes.  One of the challenging facts about some security systems like home surveillance cameras is that it has the capacity to only record the incident and could not be able to carry out other intelligent online and data processing functions like its ability to detect motions with instant frame configuration of the motions, store the captured video through a web server with additional short message services to the intended recipient.   

With the advancement in technology, motion can be detected by measuring change in speed or vector of an object in the field of view, such systems are complex and expensive. However, with recent progress in technology and the growing need for increased security in civilian and other applications, many low-cost solutions for security system have now emerged, in the field of Burglar Alarm Systems using modern approaches have led to a major means of providing security in all applications, both military and civilian. 

This system has to be as effective and reliable as possible to be able to fully serve the purpose for which they have being made, they must take into account the actions of people attempting to trespass or cause destruction, as security is the degree of protection against danger, loss and criminals. It is perceived that not all families could afford the high cost of installation of the security surveillance system in the market today, therefore this study considers the design and construction of a Direction/Location Display which will be capable of detecting intrusion at any location, send out sound and alarm, as it displays the exact location of the intruder using seven segment displays.