CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The role of sport has always been recognized, since there is a variation in the role of sports participation and the achievement of its benefits. The general understanding of the masses about the role of sport has been positive and is considered a friendly commitment to humans in everyday life. According to Cote & Fraser, sport has the potential to achieve three important objectives that are physical health, psychosocial development and learning motor skills. In addition to that Kilpatick et al. Ryska, Koivula, have concluded that sports participation has also been shown to have positive effects on physical health, psychological improvement, stress reactivity and mental well-being of both sexes.
Sports participation has also been positive in promoting the academic and social abilities of students. Khan also supported this concept by concluding that "being athletes, most students have shown good academic results in their credits, particularly at the university level." Research has supported that participation in university sports is not only beneficial for the physical and mental development of the participants, but can also develop the social relationships of young people. This position is supported by Khan S as the authors argued that the "declining position of education can be improved through sport and games." In the light of the above, it can be correctly concluded that students' academic achievements and participation in sports activities are associated with each other.
Resnick et al. have shown that "participation in sports activities is more valuable in the development of physical and mental health, the development of social attributes and the development of skills." In addition, the relief of mental tension, the feeling of well-being, the acquisition of good health, entertainment and weight control are the other common benefits of
The basic problems and challenges for girls' participation in sports activities in Nigeria have been among nations where the population growth rate is quite high. At present, Nigeria is the sixth most populous country in the world with a population of 188 million, of which 51.35% are men and 48.65 are girls. (Survey of active population of Nigeria 2012-13, Ministry of Planning, Development and Reforms, Population projections for the year 2007-2030 and Office of Statistics of Nigeria). It has been a common observation that girls make up almost half of the total population, but despite that reality, our priorities have changed and instead of paying attention By promoting girls, we ignore them and place them at the end of our priority list. Girls have generally been ignored in many professions, including opportunities to participate in sports. In these circumstances, it is necessary to provide equal opportunities for girls in various professions, including participation in sports activities.
There have been a series of studies focused on different limitations (personal, environmental, biological, psychological, environmental hereditary social, access to peer groups, age, perceived barriers) Type of family activity, obesity, lack of time motivation, money and others facilities) in terms of girls' participation in sport. Hoden (2010), Kara and Demirci (2010), Scott and Mowen (2010), Stanis et al. (2010) discovered that lack of time, lack of knowledge, family problems, lack of money and peers are the main recreational limitations for girls' participation in sport.
On most levels, women's sports attract less money than men's sports. Women represent 41% of all athletes funded by various programs. In community sports, girls' teams tend to attract less sponsors from local businesses because they don't have a large fan base. According to Attarzade and Sohrabi, Mozafari et al. Shores et al. He also concluded that fear of aggression, lack of facilities, gender, race and high entrance fees are some of the other factors that affect the participation of different groups of people in sports activities.
The culture of sport itself is a problem. In third world countries, especially in our eastern culture, sports activities have generally been considered predominantly male activities. On the other hand, girls face a series of problems to participate in the sport. Deem, Jackson and Henderson have concluded that being addicted; It has always been difficult for women to have money to spend on recreational activities. On average, girls have less confidence than boys and rate their performance or skills more negatively than boys. Self-confidence is also linked to competition.
The influence of parents, coaches and other adults affects girls and boys differently. Adolescent girls place greater emphasis on self-comparison and adult comments than adolescent girls, who rely more on competitive results to base their personal judgment on physical competence. The purpose of this study is to explore the problem and challenges of girls' participation in sport among students in Nigeria's public schools.