CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus. The corona virus disease was first recorded in Wuhan China and has spread to more than 70 countries of the world. The disease is known to cause respiratory illness (like the flu) with symptoms such as a cough, fever, tiredness and in more severe cases, difficulty breathing and death. A lot has been said about its prevention with most health practitioners advocating for frequent washing of hands with clean running water, avoiding touching your face, and avoiding close contact (1 meter or 3 feet) with people who are unwell. Ever since the first case of this virus in Nigeria, the Nigeria center for Disease control (NCDC) has outlined some safety measures in other to prevent its transmission and ultimately eradicate the virus completely, among the safety measure are also in consonance with the prescriptions of the world health organization (WHO) in dealing with the deadly virus. A recent study in Nigeria has shown the exponential spread of tis deadly virus thus the order by the various states in Nigeria to lock down activities and minimize the congregation of more than 20 persons. In all other contexts, available evidence indicates that corona (COVID 19) virus is transmitted during close contact through respiratory droplets (such as coughing/sneezing) and by fomites. The virus can spread directly from person to person when a COVID-19 case coughs or exhales producing droplets that reach the nose, mouth or eyes of another person. Alternatively, as the droplets are too heavy to be airborne, they land on objects and surfaces surrounding the person. Other people become infected with the COVID-19 Virus by touching these contaminated objects or surfaces, then touching their eyes, nose or mouth. Furthermore, the subsequent shut down of activities around the world in other to enforce social distancing has negatively affected the Nigerian economy as a result of the sharp drop in crude oil prices. As such, WHO continues to recommend that everyone performs hand hygiene frequently, follows respiratory etiquette recommendations and regularly clean and disinfect surfaces. The world health organization (WHO) also continues to recommend the importance of maintaining physical distances and avoiding people with fever or respiratory symptoms. These preventive measures will limit viral transmission.
1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The outbreak of the COVID 19 Virus in Nigeria has resulted to several casualties, this has resulted to partial shutdown of economic activities as almost all the states have shut their borders and prevented the free movement of people and goods which has overtime help in the stimulation of the economy. The atrial shutdown as a result of the exponential nature of its spread has made people stay indoors, social events has taken a nose dive and businesses and taken a downward turn. All these have been occasioned as a result of this deadly virus that has continued to ravage the world with china, spain, itaky and the united states of America being regarded as the epicenter as a result of the massive deaths recorded in these countries. The disruption of world pace by this virus has also negatively affected the price of crude oil which has further affected our mono economy (majorly oil dependent).