CHAPTER ONE
7.0     INTRODUCTION
7.1     Background of the Study
In the context of renewable energy source, a device which consists of electrodes and electrolytes for the storage of chemical energy, but brings about a reaction between it’s electrodes and the electrolyte in a ways to cause the flow of electrons through an external circuit is known as a battery the circuitory to recharge the batteries in a portable product is an important part of any power supply design. The complexity and cost of the charging system
 primarily depends on the type of battery and the recharge time.
7.2     Charging Formation
In the realm of battery charging, charging methods are usually separated into two general categories.
Fast charging: is typically a system that can recharge a battery in about one or two hours.
Slow charging: This is usually refer to an overnight recharge, i.e it is usually defined as a charging current that can be applied to the battery indefinitely without damaging the cell. (This method is sometimes referred to as a trickle charging).
The maximum rate of trickle charging which is safe for a given cell type if dependent on both the battery chemistry and the cell construction when the cell is fully charged, continued charging causes gas to form within the cell. All of the gas formed must be able to recombine internally, or pressure will build up within the cell eventually leading to gas release through opening of the internal vent (which reduces the life span of the cell).
This means that the maximum safe trickle charge rate is highly dependent on battery chemistry, but also on the construction of the internal electrodes.
7.3     Types of Batteries
7.4     Primary (Dry Cell): are those whose electrolyte dries up when used to it’s ampere – hour rating and cannot be recharge. Dry cell batteries are different from wet cells because their electrolytes are contained in a low-moisture paste. Regardless of their sizes, they have the same basic components. At the center of each is a Rod called the cathode which is often made up of carbon and surrounded by an electrolyte paste. Different chemicals can be used to create this paste such as ammonium chloride and managanese dioxide, depending on the type of battery. The cathode and electrolyte paste are wrapped in paper or cardboard and sealed into a metal cylinder called an anode which is typically made of zinc.