DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC SOLAR STREET LIGHT

Code No: 852745

₦5,000.00

ABSTRACT

In this project work, we are mostly concern about building a simple power streetlight which is automatically operated. There are four main components required to build a solar operated streetlight. The solar array, High efficiency D.C lamp section made by transistor, resistors, and the sensor LDR, changes controller which is made up of diode, resistors, LED, capacitor, and a battery of which the solar array is the most expensive. It is the solar array that produced a D.C voltage due to the energy received from the sun during the day , thereby making the battery to charge, as a result, keeping the streetlight into operation when it get dark. The basic circuitry on solar powered streetlight is the solar charge controller which essentially consists of an automatic battery charger, fed by the solar panel and a lighting controller, automated for dust to dawn operation. This street light jus designed to operate or trigger automatically at night.

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER ONE
1.0     INTRODUCTION
The importance of light to every mankind cannot be over emphasized, even when the earth was created; the earth was illuminated with light which makes it a place of living. This means, without light, the whole world is in darkness and as a result of this, living things be it plants, animals or human beings cannot exist.
          When talking about lighting, it comes from two different sources, which could be natural or electrical. The former comes from the Creator (God) while the latter is a result of our natural resources being utilized effectively by human beings. Since there is need for lighting, electric energy generation is employed to solve the problems people are facing during the day, especially at night when there is total darkness everywhere.
          Since the invention of electrical energy for lighting, it is quite obvious that it requires human intervention to control the switch either off when not in use or ONM when the need arises. Due to this factor and poor supply of electricity, we have been able to find and alternative way of generating electricity for the purpose of illumination which is highly efficient and effective through the energy from the sun known as solar energy.
          This involves the use of a module called solar panel, which receive the energy from the sun and convert it to electricity.
Basically, this project focused on the design and construction of a solar operated automatic streetlight. This is a commercial quality light that can easily illuminate the streets and other areas of choice giving the potential of many years of trustworthy use with a minimum of maintenance required.
          The four major components needed to build construct a solar powered streetlight are: The solar panel, high efficiency d.c. Temperature, charge controller and a battery.
          The solar panel has its major task to convert the sunâ€™s energy into electricity, precisely D.C voltage. The basic circuitry on solar powered streetlights consists essentially of a automatic battery charger, fed by the solar panel and a lighting controller automated for dusk to down operation.
          The charge controller projects the battery from over-charging, maximizes the charging voltage and current output of the solar panel.
          To achieve the automatic operation of the streetlight, a photocell or a time, which senses the period of darkness and lightness, is used to trigger.
          The type of battery employed here is a maintenance free one, which is capable of supplying few days of back up power in case of bad weather or charger failure. Also the lamp used in this project work is a D.C operated lamp.