CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
A vise (American) or vice (British) is amechanical device used to secure anobject to allow work to be performed onit. Vices have two parallel jaws, one fixedand the other movable, threaded in andout by a screw and lever.
DESCRIPTION OF ABENCH VICE
    A bench vice is like an extra hand. Itspurpose is to hold material steady,allowing you to use both hands to workon the material with other tools.
The bench vise is of the Clamp base Bench design. It is a lightweight, portable vise. It is attached to a table or bench with the mounting clamp. It has rough jaws for holding material with stationary base. Clamp base bench vices are considered most appropriate to hold light materials or in areas where a heavier vice is not available such as laboratories and school workshops.
It consists of a mounting base or body which is secured to the machine table, a stationary jaw against which work piece is located, a movable jaw and screw mechanism consisting of a buttress-threaded spindle and handle. When the spindle is rotated in the clockwise direction using the handle, the jaws move closer thus clamping the workpiece against the stationary jaw. This clamping action holds the part securely while the machining operation takes place. On the other hand, when turned in the anticlockwise direction, the jaws move away thus loosening the grip on the work piece
   The stiffness created through the design that pulled the jaw down has the added benefit of pulling the nut and driving the movable jaw up creating a sandwich of vice body, nut and movable jaw. The resulting stiffness and dampening allowed a significantly lighter vice to be offered, allowing for manual lifting and positioning of the vice on a machine table, which contributed to its popularity.
The stationary jaw is cast integral with the vice body. It is a good selection when density and absolute minimum deflection is needed.
This vise hardware is adaptable for installation in a variety of positions, and on different styles of bench tops.
They areideal for sawing, sanding, plaining,drilling, screwing and soldering.
TYPES OF BENCH VICE
There aretwo types of bench vice that share acommon anatomy.
WOODWORKING VICES
Woodworking vices are usuallyincorporated into the structure of awoodworking bench, often fabricatedfrom the same type of timber as thebench. The top edge of the jaws isusually flush with the bench top anddoes not protrude beyond the edge of thebench.