CHAPTER ONE
1.1       INTRODUCTION
In statistical analysis and inference statistics is playing an important role nearly in all phases of human life. Formally dealing only with affair of the state and this account for its name statistics.  
The influence of statistics is now spread to manufacturing companies, agricultural sectors, bank, business communication, economic, education, political science, psychology, sociology and other numerous held of life. It’s therefore, a body of scientific method and theory of collecting, organizing, presenting and analyzing of data as well as drawing valid conclusion and making a reasonable decision. The application is found in all discipline of numerical form.
Furthermore, this project is to explain and to analyze more on fertility and mortality rate of people in “OSOGBO LOCAL GOVERNMENT”. This project cover four fiscal year from 2006 – 2009 and data is being collected at LAUTECH TEACHING HOSPITAL OSOGBO. Also computation would be determined from the total number of fertility and mortality rate and this will be use for information required for the actualization of facts.
1.2       HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
LAUTECH TEACHING HOSPITAL is owned by both Osun State Government and Oyo State Government. The hospital is situated at Idi-seke area in Osogbo Local Government. LAUTECH Teaching Hospital is equiped to standard that no other hospital in the state can complete with it. LAUTECH Teaching Hospital has many professional doctors and well trained and very efficient nurses.
1.3       AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
-           To know whether the number of life birth (Fertility) of Osogbo Local Government is more than number of death (Mortality).             
-           To be able to study the future occurrence in the rate of fertility and mortality by using least square method.
-           To measure the trend value of fertility and mortality rate by using moving average method.
1.4       TYPES OF STATISTICS
There are two types of statistics namely:    
    Descriptive statistics
    Inference statistics
In descriptive statistics, the research has information on every member of the population and also describes the characteristics of the population such as: Total, average, Means or more (Population Parameters). But in Inferential Statistics, the researcher has information on part of population (sample). Mean, mode and standard deviation are collected for the sample; each of them is called statistics.  
1.5       USES OF STATISTICS
Statistics is useful in all field of human endeavour. We can use the knowledge of statistics to find the number of employed people in a country, we can use it to find market trend, to make any possible request in any business ventures. Infact, there is no aspect of our daily life that statistics is not applicable.