CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The word management has been defined, as getting things done through people. It is a process of setting objectives, organizing resources to attain these predetermined goals, and then evaluating the results for purpose of determining future actions.
Hodgetts, (1990) said that management has for thousands of years been a key to success to individuals and civilizations alike.
Labour is one of the factors of production and consists of all human energy expended in the production and distribution of goods and services.
Nwachukwu (1988) opined that this definition includes all professional executives, all levels of employees and self employed people. According to the United States Bureau of census, the labour force includes all who are willing and able to work whether employed or self employed.
Productivity is the achieved set objectives in firm by the workers. It is the output of what the input of workers yield productivity when increased, favours the firms because this means that the predetermined goals of firm are realized but when it is decreased the firm is at loss and this affects both management and labour in the context of this research work, management should be seen as owners of business, firms of categories of management who participate in the setting objectives of firms and in the decision making, those who take leadership positions in such firms.
Labour in this work should be seen as those hired employees of a firm who takes directives from the management in carrying out their official duties, who have no hand in the decision and objective settings of the firm, who through the management gets done the work that should be done in order to achieve the set objectives.
These two groups, management labour are the two major groups, that exist in firms where goods and services are produced. These two groups must be built up effectively and efficiently in any firm for a harmonious work flow between labour and management.
Nwachukwu 91988) had to state that management must work harmoniously with employees and must therefore develop programmes and policies that will enable them to achieve the best results of the organizational goals, understands labour (Employees).
Most often management labour are in conflicting objectives. This comes in because management will always want higher productivity with minimal costs while labour will want to achieve higher price for its members through the instrumentality of labour unions. The conflicting objectives between labour management always result in strike action which causes loss of man-hour which results in decreased productivity.
The need to promote and improve good relationship between management cannot be over emphasized. In all managements, the management of human beings at work are the most complex. Management, therefore it needs to relate very well with labour in any firm like NITEL Plc. So that there will be no disruption to achieving the set objectives which will hinder productivity.
When labour is not satisfied with its management or management not satisfied with its labour, there is always a bridge to harmonious working in the firm and productivity suffers.