CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
            Human rights violation in Nigeria and the world has been a major issue for a very long time. Human beings have their fundamental human rights written down in different country’s constitutions of the world. But the various government policies.  Laws and rights of other individuals etc are restricting these rights.
            It is very important that an individual has a sense of belonging and does not feel he/she is being hanged and a country where they popularly believe there interest is being fought for in government tends to flourish better than where they feel neglected and used.
            It is to this end that this research has been carried out by the researchers.
            The principle that all men/women are created equal has become the foundation of all democratic societies. It has been observed that opinions of people based on vices, personnel belief or social standing form the attainment of equal rights to remain a constant struggle. The existence, validity and constant of human right continue to be the subject of debate in politics and philosophy. However, human rights are defined in both domestic and international laws. There is, however a great deal of variance between human rights norms are perceived and defined in both context and how they are upheld in different countries.
            The concept of human rights has been viewed from different political, sociological and philosophical perspectives. According to Forsythe  (2000), human rights refer to the suppose basic right and freedoms to which all humans are entitled. Philosophically as observed by Hill (2006), human rights are based on social contract theories and their conception of natural rights.
            Murray (2006), from anarchy-capitalist orientation explain human rights as a condition on which person’s ownership rights as a condition on which person’s ownership rights to his body and legitimate properly rights are neither invaded nor aggressed against by person, group of persons or government.
            Socio-politically, human rights is a concept which regards human beings as having universal rights, or states, regardless of legal jurisdiction and other localizing factors such as ethnicity and nationality (Wikipedia, 2006).
            In a domestic sense, the concept of human rights refers to safeguards for the individual against arbitrary use of power by the government in relation to the following.
1.      The well being of individuals
2.      The freedom and autonomy of individuals and
3.      The representation of human interest in government.
            In addition, the concept of human rights deals with small subset of values that should be available for implementation by individual, and other individuals, or government. These values are clearly stated in the constitution and are based on the lagal and political traditional of every country including Nigeria.
            According to Wright (2006), these rights include the right to life, the right to an adequate standard of living, freedom of torture and other maltreatment, freedom of religion and of expression, freedom of right to participate cultural and political life, from the various points of view, fundamental human rights can be explained to as basic universal inalienable social should be enjoyed by all human beings regardless of their religion, race, ethnicity, gender, and status. In other words, fundamental human rights are rights that belong to all humans’ beings and citizens of a country.