DETAILED TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF A SECTION OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NEKEDE, OWERRI

Code No: 605518

₦5,000.00

ABSTRACT

Determining the true size and shape of the earth has intrigued Human for centuries. Today, the important of measuring and monitoring our environment is becoming increasing critical as the population expands, values of land appreciate, natural resources dwindle and Human continues to stress the quality of land, water and air.

Hence, this project work which is a branch of surveying called Topographical surveying takes into consideration the detailed/ Topographical surveying of a section of the Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri and contains five chapters.

Chapter one introduces surveying and its branches with respect to topographic surveying; together with the aims, objectives, scope and location of the project work carried out. The review of literature of the project work is seen in chapter two while chapter three describes the first and second stages of a survey work with respect to the project; it talks about the Reconnaissance (Recce) Diagram and outlines the instruments used and the various adjustments and tests that were carried out to ensure that the instruments were in good working conditions for minimizing of errors and achievement of the required accuracy and this were Nikon total station instrument that reads 1” of arc was used for the angular observation and 50m steel tape was used for linear measurement, with the various Computation, Establishment of Global Positioning System (GPS) points, Traversing, Detailing and Leveling etc.

Chapter four contains the Computations, Reductions and Adjustment that were carried out and here the computation of Area gave Hectares and Angular misclosure check was done with the formula (zn+4)90 = 1800 and 30”?N, N=8 was used to check if the misclosure and it gave, hence it is allowable. There you will also see how to plot, inking, tracing and contouring. Also in chapter six are the Achievements, Problems Encountered, Recommendation, Conclusion and Reference.

CHAPTER 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Surveying has been important since the beginning of civilization. Its earliest applications were in measuring and marking boundaries of property ownership. But throughout the years, its importance has steadily increased with the growing demand for a variety of maps and other spatially related types of information and the expanding need for establishing accurate line and grade to guide construction operations and define points on and beneath the earth’s surface.

Historically, surveying has been defined as the science, Art ad Technology of determining the relative positions of points above on, or beneath the earth’s surface. However, Charles O. Ghilani and Paul R. Wolf regards surveying as the discipline which encompasses all gathering and processing information about the physical earth and environment. According to command of define council (1968) Surveying is the science artfully executed of measuring the physical features of the earth and art scientifically controlled to deliminating them as a map.

Moreover, surveying is divided into the following classes:

Cadastral Surveying, which is conducted in order to determine the boundaries of field estates, houses and layouts.

City Surveying, Which is carried out to locate the premises, streets, water supply, sanitary system and so on.

Engineering Surveying, which is done to prepare detailed drawings of projects involving roads, railways, flyovers, pipelines, buildings, bridges etc.

Topographic Surveying, which is done to determine the natural features of a country, topographic surveying or topographic surveys involves determination of horizontal and vertical locations of objects on the earth’s surface.

After listing and defining these branches of surveying. It is important to state that the concern of this project work is the TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING.

1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE

The aims of this project is to gather the necessary information for the production of the Topographic map which include the natural and artificial features of the area and finally depicted on a map which will be essential for future planning processes.

OBJECTIVES INCLUDE:

I. To run a perimeter traverse of the area to demarcate the boundaries

II. To run a perimeter leveling to height the corner points of the place

III. To obtain the internal spot height for contouring the map

IV. To get area of the project site.

1.2 SCOPE AND LOCATION

SCOPE: This project work covers a section of the Federal Polytecnic Nekede, Owerri and this include both the developed and the undeveloped areas of the location.

LOCATION: The section of the Polytechnic covered by this project is basically School of Business and Management Technology detailing the libry and 1000 capacity Hall.