CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Cassava is a root plant; it originated from South America and spread widely in the Africa countries including Nigeria. It has botanical characterization of Manihots esculenta .It store food in its tuber. The tuber (root) and leave is the edible part of the cassava which is the most source of carbohydrate to man and animals, which in turn when hydrolyze in the process of metabolism to simple sugar glucose – which is the source of energy for man and animals.
It is understood today in Nigeria (West Africa) that apart form source of food to man and animals, cassava serves as the raw material in industry and production of ethanol. Though cassava has different varieties which is processed for different purposes such as cheeps, tapioca, garri, flour, etc. processing a cassava help to get out the toxic content of hydrogen cyanide which dissolve in the cassava inform of cyanogenic glucoside (linamnin and lotaustarin) which undergo hydrolysis to form hydrogen cyanide that cause acute head ache, diarrhea, dizziness, mental confusion, goiter etc. During this process of hydrolysis the cyanogenic glucoside (90% linamarin in cassava) is broken down by enzyme linamrase to produce B-glucose, acetonecynohydrine which react spontaneously to produce Acetone and hydrogen cyanide.
In cassava peeling and slicing disrupts the cell structure of the plant, with subsequent liberation of hydrogen cyanide. This hydrogen cyanide can be removed by further processing such as cokking (baking boiling or roasting) and by fermentation. In bamboo shoot as a cynogenic glucoside plant.