DETERMINATION OF CHLORINE CONTENT IN WATER FROM AJALLI SOURCE

Code No: 141748

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ABSTRACT

Determination of the chlorine content in water from Ajali sources was carried out in the laboratory. Chlorination has been a method for the treatment of drinking water and chlorine being an excellent disinfectant is the sole element for this practice. The world health organization (WHO) and National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) set out standard chlorine adequate for drinking water which is given as 200mg/l. This research work is based on the determination of chlorine content in raw Ajali water, treated reservoir water and Tap water. For each five samples were collected and analyzed using Mohr Method and the result for the average chlorine contents are 105.79mg/l for the Ajali raw mater, 129.70mg/l for reservoir and tap water is 178.63mg/l. In all, the results show that they correspond to the WHO/NAFDAC standard for chlorine content in drinking water.

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER ONE
1.0            INTRODUCTION
1.1     Background of the study
`        Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas that dissolves easily in water. It has a pungent, noxious colour that some people can perceive smell at concentrations above 0.3 part permillion. Chlorine is an excellent disinfectant commonly added to drinking water supplies to kill harmful micro-organism. Chlorine is not only an effective disinfectant but it also reacts with ammoniamiron and other metal s and some organic compounds to improve overall water quality (white, 2000).
          In parts of the world when chlorine is not added to drinking water, thousands of people die each day from waterbone disease like typhoid and cholera according to (Darnail 1999). However, the addition of chlorine in water has its limitations but its dangers, are relatively shortlived compared to the dangers of most other highly poisonous substances. Rideal et al, (2005) suggests that this is because chlorine reacts quickly with other substance in after (and forms combined chlorine) or escapes as a gas into the atmosphere. The free chlorine test measures only the amount of free or dissolved chlorine in water, but the total chlorine test measures both free and combined of chlorine.
          According to Richardson et al (2007), if the water contains a lot of decaying materials, free chlorine can combine with them to form disinfection â€“by- products like tribhalomethanes. Though there is a limit to the use of chlorine as negative results are possible with the addition of too odour in water are often enhanced.
          Fair et al, (2000) states that less than one half (0.5mg/L) of free chlorine is needed to kill bacterial without causing water to smell or taste unpleasant. Most people cannot detect the presence of chlorine on water amount (1.0mg/l). although 1.0mg/l chlorine in water is not harmful to people, it does cause problems to fish and other aquatic animals when they are expose to it over along period of time. It is very important for water suppliers to monitor closely the level of chlorine present in the water (Hodges 1997).