CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Ginger (ginger rhizome ) is the root of the Zingiber officinale plant, which can be utilized as a medication or as pleasant condiments. They are grown in Northern Nigeria as medicine for both human and animals. They are primarily used for seasoning and also for its medicinal property.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Ginger derived its name from the genus (Zingiber officinale) and the family (Zingiberaceae). In addition to ginger, there are other important followers to this plant family including turmeric, cardamom and galangal. Zingiber officinale creates sets of flower sprouts (pink and white) that developed into yellow flowers. As a result of the beautiful appearance and the habituation of plant to hot weather, Zingiber officinale is usually utilized as scenery across subequatorial homes.  
Fully developed Zingiber officinale roots are fibrous and approximately arid. The syrup from ancient ginger rhizomes is highly strong and usually utilized like condiments in Indian prescription, and is as typical component of cooking in many Asian countries also this return to its pleasant relish which makes the taste of many food dishes an extremely delicious.   Zingiber officinale plays role as powerful food maintenance. In limited studies, ginger was found to have better effectiveness than placebo in relieving disgust produced by sea dizziness, morning dizziness, despite ginger is not reported to be preferred on placebo in relieving surgical sickness. The plant is reported to have antibacterial, anti-oxidant, antiprotozoal, anti-fungal, anti-emetic, anti-rhinoviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-insecticidal activity. Reported pharmacological activities of ginger include antipyretic, analgesic, ant tissues in addition to hypersensitive effects.
Ginger extract also showed a hepatoprotective effect in rats. Besides that, Ginger was found to have free radical remover activity (prevent oxidant formation); so prevents lipid oxidation. This finding can explain the well documented gastro-protective effects. Additionally, ginger extract has radiopreventive activity which could be useful in preventing gamma radiation from generating adverse reactions during the course of cancer therapy in laboratory animal. Moreover, ginger displayed chemopreventive and antineoplastic effects; also ginger shows to have in the future role in cancer inhibition, although additional studies are required to assess this property of ginger . Patients with diabetes mellitus (cataract) might have  developed glycation end-yield  for this case ginger is chosen because of its antiglycating property.